Taw qhia
Silver Contact Rivet yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg, thiab nws qhov kev ua tau zoo cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib cuag hlau, cov ntaub ntawv nyiaj alloy yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nrog cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig ntau tshaj plaws. Txhawm rau txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib cuag hluav taws xob thiab ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev txuag nyiaj, cov khoom siv nyiaj hluav taws xob sib txuas tau tsim, suav nrog AgCdO, AgSnO2, AgZnO, AgNi, AgW, AgC, thiab lwm yam. Ntawm ntau cov nyiaj-raws li Cov ntaub ntawv tiv tauj, AgCdO cov ntaub ntawv tiv tauj tau dav siv vim lawv ntau qhov zoo xws li arc tsis kam, vuam tsis kam, hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv tsis zoo, kev tiv thaiv corrosion, thiab kev tiv thaiv qis thiab ruaj khov. Lawv tuaj yeem siv tau rau hauv ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob qis nrog cov tam sim no los ntawm ob peb amperes mus rau ntau txhiab amperes, thiab hu ua "universal contacts". Txawm li cas los xij, txij li Cd yog tshuaj lom thiab ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg lub cev thaum tsim khoom thiab siv, EU kev lag luam tau txwv tsis pub siv AgCdO cov ntaub ntawv tiv tauj txij thaum Lub Rau Hli 2006.
AgZnO Hluav taws xobNyiaj Sib cuagcov ntaub ntawv yog ib qho ntawm lwm cov ntaub ntawv rau AgCdO. Nws yog ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob tiv tauj ib puag ncig tsim nyob rau xyoo 1960s thiab thaum ntxov 1970s. AgZnO cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txuas muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tiv thaiv kub hnyiab, vuam, hluav taws xob hnav, tsis tshua muaj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, tiv taus qhov cuam tshuam loj tam sim no, kev ua haujlwm zoo tawg, lub sij hawm luv luv, hluav taws xob corrosion, thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom. Yog li ntawd, nws tau siv rau hauv cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob hluav taws xob me me, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob, hloov hluav taws xob, thiab cov hluav taws xob tiv thaiv. Cov hmoov hlau hmoov ua ntej oxidation ua rau ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg nyiaj zinc oxide tiv tauj cov ntaub ntawv. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim rau txheej txheem thiab muaj cov khoom hluav taws xob zoo heev. Nws yog ib yam tshiab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tiv tauj nrog dav kev lag luam prospects.
AgZnO alloy hmoov nrog cov nyiaj sib txawv tau npaj los ntawm cov hmoov txhuas ua ntej oxidation txheej txheem. Hlau nrog tib lub xeev specifications tau txais tom qab isostatic nias, sintering, extrusion thiab kos duab. Cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab lub cev, cov qauv metallographic, thiab lwm yam tau muab piv, thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv metallographic thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab lub cev ntawm cov xov hlau nrog cov ntsiab lus sib txawv tau txheeb xyuas. Cov khoom hluav taws xob ntawm cov rivets ib txwm ua los ntawm cov hlau tau raug kuaj, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm AgZnO cov ntaub ntawv tiv tauj nrog cov ntsiab lus sib txawv tau txheeb xyuas, muab cov ntaub ntawv siv rau kev txhim kho thiab kev siv cov ntaub ntawv tiv tauj ntawm qhov system no.
1 Kev sim txoj kev
Qhov kev sim tau npaj siv 99.99% nyiaj daim hlau thiab 99.99% Zn ingots los ntawm tib pawg. Cov qauv no tau npaj los ntawm alloy hmoov pre-oxidation txoj kev, thiab ua tiav rau hauv cov xov hlau los ntawm atomization hmoov ua, alloy hmoov pre-oxidation, isostatic nias, sintering, extrusion, kos duab thiab lwm yam txheej txheem. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab lub cev ntawm cov xov hlau raug kuaj thiab muab piv; cov rivets tau ua ib qho tseem ceebNyiaj Hluav Taws Xob Sib cuagchaw tsim tshuaj paus, thiab cov specifications ntawm cov rivets yog: dynamic point R3 ×0.5(0.25)+1.5 ×0.6SR10 static point F3 ×0.6({17}}.25)+1.5 × 0.6E, sib sau ua ke rau hauv relays, thiab hluav taws xob lub neej raug txheeb xyuas nyob rau hauv AC 250 V/10 A.
Qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov qauv tau sim los ntawm TH2512B ntse tam sim no tsis tshua muaj zog pawg tester; metallographic qauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tau soj ntsuam los ntawm L150 metallographic microscope; qhov hardness ntawm cov qauv yog ntsuas los ntawm DHV-1000Z video microhardness tester; lub zog tensile ntawm cov qauv raug ntsuas los ntawm lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob universal; microstructure morphology ntawm cov qauv thiab qhov chaw morphology ntawm cov qauv rivet tom qab kuaj tau pom los ntawm scanning electron microscope (SEM); Lub neej hluav taws xob tau raug txheeb xyuas los ntawm AC resistive load test system.
2 Cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev txheeb xyuas
2.1 Metallographic qauv tsom xam
Daim duab 1 qhia cov qauv metallographic ntawm ntu ntu thiab ntu ntu ntu ntawm cov xaim tiav ntawm AgZnO(8), AgZnO(10), thiab AgZnO(12) nrog cov ntsiab lus ZnO sib txawv (a thiab b yog AgZnO(8), c thiab d yog AgZnO(10), e thiab f yog AgZnO(12)). Los ntawm kev sib piv, nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias cov hmoov txhuas hmoov ua ntej oxidation tuaj yeem ua tiav cov txheej txheem AgZnO(8-12). ZnO yog dispersed thiab sib npaug sib npaug hauv Ag matrix, tab sis muaj tsawg heev ZnO aggregation. Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm ZnO cov ntsiab lus, tus naj npawb ntawm ZnO hais ib cheeb tsam hauv cheeb tsam nce, thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov khoom sib sau ua ke hauv cov khoom zoo li nce, tab sis tag nrho cov ntaub so ntswg faib tseem sib xws.
2.2 Mechanical thiab Physical Properties Analysis
Daim duab 2 qhia txog kev faib tawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab lub cev ntawm cov xov hlau nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 1.920 hli hauv lub xeev annealed. Daim duab 2(a) qhia txog qhov muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kev faib tawm. Nws tuaj yeem pom tias nrog kev nce ntawm ZnO cov ntsiab lus, nws qhov kev tiv thaiv muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb. Lub resistivity ntawm nyiaj hlau oxideSilver Contact PointsCov khoom siv yog tswj los ntawm qhov tsis xws li cov khoom muaj pes tsawg leeg, oxide ntim feem, particle loj thiab nws qhov kev faib tawm hauv Ag matrix [10]. Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm ZnO cov ntsiab lus, ZnO ntim feem ntau nce, qhov nce ntawm cov khoom sib cuam tshuam ua rau muaj zog hluav taws xob tawg hauv cov khoom, thiab cov khoom siv lub cev kuj maj mam nce; Daim duab 2(b) qhia qhov hardness faib yuav tshwm sim. Nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias nrog qhov nce ntawm ZnO cov ntsiab lus, qhov hardness muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb. Qhov no yog vim hais tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau oxides faib nyob rau hauv Ag matrix nce, thiab cov particle dispersion ntxiv dag zog rau cov nyhuv. Ib yam li ntawd, kev sib zog ua kom muaj zog ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv lub zog tensile, raws li pom hauv daim duab 2(c). Hauv cov ntsiab lus, nrog qhov nce ntawm ZnO cov ntsiab lus hauv cov khoom siv AgZnO, qhov kev tiv thaiv, hardness thiab tensile lub zog ntawm cov khoom muaj qhov sib txawv loj.
2.3 Kev txheeb xyuas hluav taws xob lub neej
Rivets tau tsim los ntawm 1.920 mm txoj kab uas hla annealed hlau, nrog rau cov specifications ntawmNyiaj hluav taws xob tiv tauj: dynamic point (R3 × 0}.5(0.25)+1.5 ×0.6SR10) thiab static point (F3 ×{ {13}}.6(0.25)+1.5×0.6E). Cov rivets tau tom qab ua tiav thiab sib sau ua ke rau hauv relays rau kev txheeb xyuas hluav taws xob lub neej. Cov xwm txheej kuaj tau pom nyob rau hauv Table 1. Daim duab 3 qhia cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xob lub neej ntawm cov relays ua los ntawm AgZnO(8), AgZnO(10), thiab AgZnO(12). Nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm 250 V thiab 10 A, nyob rau hauv 95% kev ntseeg siab ib ntus, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm AgZnO (8) yog qhov ntev tshaj plaws, nrog rau qhov nruab nrab hluav taws xob lub neej ntawm 202,029 zaug; hluav taws xob lub neej ntawm AgZnO(10) cov khoom yog nruab nrab ntawm AgZnO(8) thiab AgZnO(12), nrog rau qhov nruab nrab hluav taws xob lub neej ntawm 149,941 zaug; tus naj npawb ntawm kev ntsuas hluav taws xob lub neej ntawm AgZnO(12) cov khoom yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws, ntawm 98,665 zaug.
Kev sib piv zoo qhia tau hais tias nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm me me tam sim no nyob rau hauv 20 A, tag nrho peb cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm hluav taws xob lub neej ntawm 100, 000 zaug, tab sis nrog kev nce ntawm ZnO cov ntsiab lus hauv AgZnO cov ntaub ntawv tiv tauj, nws cov nyiaj tiv tauj rau Relay hluav taws xob lub neej qhia tau hais tias kev poob qis.
2.4 Kev tshuaj xyuas qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib cuag tsis tau
Thaum lub sij hawm kev sib cuag kaw thiab disconnecting txheej txheem, vim lub cuam tshuam ntawm arc tawm thiab Joule tshav kub, qhov kev sib cuag nto undergoes ib feem melting thiab solidification txheej txheem, uas ua rau tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm kev sib cuag mus disconnect ib txwm, uas yog hu ua hu rau vuam [10]. Daim duab 4 qhia txog cov tsos thiab lub zog spectrum Cheebtsam ntawm kev sib cuag tsis tau raws li 250 V / 10 A. Cov duab 4 (a, d, g) yog SEM cov duab ntawm kev sib cuag morphology ntawm AgZnO (8), AgZnO (10) thiab AgZnO (12) thaum kawg ntawm lawv lub neej. Cov duab 4 (b, e, h) yog cov haujlwm tsis ua haujlwm, thiab Daim duab 4 (c, f, i) yog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub zog spectrum tivthaiv ntawm thaj chaw tsis ua haujlwm. Los ntawm kev sib piv, nws tuaj yeem pom tias txoj haujlwm tsis ua haujlwm ntawm AgZnO (8) kev sib cuag yog nyob ntawm ntug kev sib cuag, uas muaj cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm Cu. Thaum kawg ntawm kev sib cuag lub neej, cov nyiaj txheej tau raug siv tag nrho, thiab txheej tooj liab koom nrog kev sib cuag, uas thaum kawg ua rau kev sib cuag vuam tsis ua haujlwm. Txoj haujlwm tsis ua haujlwm ntawm AgZnO (10) kev sib cuag yog nyob ze rau ntawm ntug kev sib cuag, uas muaj cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm Cu. Txoj haujlwm tsis ua haujlwm ntawm AgZnO (12) yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm, thiab txoj haujlwm sib txuas muaj cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm Cu. Raws li cov ntsiab lus ZnO nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv sib cuag nce, viscosity ntawm lub pas dej molten nce, uas tsis haum rau ntws. Txoj haujlwm tsis ua haujlwm zoo li txav los ntawm sab nraud ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm sib cuag mus rau sab hauv.
Arc yaig tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev sib cuag thaum lub sijhawm kaw thiab qhib cov txheej txheem, uas yog, cov khoom poob los ntawm evaporation thiab splashing ntawm cov khoom vim lub zos overheating ntawm kev sib cuag nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub arc. Arc erosion yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev metallurgical txheej txheem xws li cua kub ceev, melting, vaporization, ntws, thiab solidification ntawm qhov chaw sib cuag, uas ua rau softening, splashing, ntws, tawg, thiab lwm yam nyob rau hauv lub contact nto [10-12]. Kev sib cuag arc yaig feem ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm cov txheej txheem melting, vaporization thiab solidification. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem melting, lub micro- cheeb tsam ntawm kev sib cuag nto melts thiab hloov tus qauv qub. Tsav los ntawm lub zog arc thiab mechanical quab yuam, cov hlau molten ntws ntawm tus nqi ntws, ua rau tawg thiab ua rau cov khoom poob.
Raws li tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab 4 (a, d, g), tom qab AgZnO (8) kev sim, qhov chaw sib cuag tau ablated kuj tiaj tus thiab tsis sib xws, nrog ob peb lub qhov hws, thiab muaj ntau qhov txaws ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm, uas sau ib ncig ntawm cov neeg sib cuag. Vim tias cov kev xeem yog qhov loj tshaj plaws, kev sib tsoo yog qhov hnyav, uas ua rau poob tag nrho cov nyiaj txheej ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm Silver contacts rau Relay, thiab cov txheej tooj liab ua tsis tiav tom qab kev sib cuag. Tom qab qhov kev xeem AgZnO (10), muaj qhov pom tseeb qhov hws ntawm qhov chaw sib cuag, thiab muaj cov txaws tsawg dua nyob ib puag ncig cov neeg sib cuag; Tom qab qhov kev xeem AgZnO (12), qhov chaw ua haujlwm sib cuag tau tawg heev, thiab cov tooj liab melted matrix splashed mus rau qhov chaw ua hauj lwm, ua rau vuam tsis ua hauj lwm. Sib piv cov duab 4 (a, d, g), nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias nrog kev nce ntawm ZnO cov ntsiab lus, kev sib tsoo ntawm kev sib cuag tsis ua hauj lwm nto nce, uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov txias thiab shrinkage ntawm kev sib cuag. Tom qab lub arc yog extinguished, qhov kev sib cuag nto txias sai heev, lub nto molten pas dej ua ke solidifies, thiab cov kua theem yog hloov mus rau hauv ib tug khoom theem, thiab nto solidifies thiab shrinks. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov kab nrib pleb thiab qhov ua rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov nyiaj hlau oxide hu ua inevitably ua rau cov qauv hauv cheeb tsam los ua xoob, uas ua rau nce qhov arc yaig thiab kev sib cuag. Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm ZnO cov ntsiab lus, qhov kev nyiam ntawm cov kab nrib pleb thiab qhov pores nce, qhov nyiaj ntawm arc yaig nce, kev tiv thaiv kev sib cuag tau siab dua, qhov kub thiab txias yog qhov txawv txav, thiab cov qauv xoob sab hauv ua rau kev sib cuag tsis ua haujlwm.
Kev sib piv zoo qhia tau hais tias nrog qhov nce ntawm ZnO cov ntsiab lus, thaum AgZnO (8-12) cov ntaub ntawv tiv tauj tsis ua haujlwm, txoj haujlwm sib cuag txav los ntawm sab nraud mus rau sab hauv ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm, thiab nyiam cov kab nrib pleb thiab qhov hws ntawm kev sib cuag. nto nce, ua rau txo qis hauv hluav taws xob lub neej ntawm kev sib cuag.
3 Cov lus xaus
Cov hmoov txhuas hmoov ua ntej oxidation tuaj yeem ua tiav cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tiv tauj nrog ZnO cov ntsiab lus ntawm 8% mus rau 12%. Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm ZnO cov ntsiab lus, cov resistivity, hardness thiab tensile lub zog yuav nce, thiab cov aggregation ntawm ZnO hais nyob rau hauv cov khoom nyhav nce; Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm me me tam sim no nyob rau hauv 20 A, nrog rau qhov nce ntawm ZnO cov ntsiab lus, cov hluav taws xob lub neej yuav txo qis, thiab hluav taws xob lub neej pov thawj kev ua tau zoo ntawm AgZnO (8) cov ntaub ntawv tiv tauj yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, uas tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau dua 200, {{ 6}} sijhawm; Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm ZnO cov ntsiab lus, nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm arc, nto tawg thiab porosity ntawm nyiaj hluav taws xob tiv tauj nce, thiab hluav taws xob lub neej yuav txo qis.
PebNyiaj hluav taws xob tiv taujyog ua tib zoo crafted high-quality khoom. Lawv yog ua los ntawm high-purity nyiaj thiab muaj zoo heev hluav taws xob conductivity, uas tso cai rau du tam sim no kis tau tus mob thiab zoo heev txo lub zog poob. Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom zoo heev ua rau cov neeg sib txuas nrog cov khoom siv hauv paus, ruaj khov thiab txhim khu kev qha, tuaj yeem tiv taus kev qhib thiab kaw cov haujlwm thiab tsis yooj yim deformed lossis puas. Nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev siv hluav taws xob ib puag ncig, lawv tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ruaj khov, txawm tias nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias, cov av noo siab lossis kev co, lawv tuaj yeem ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
